**True or False**

1. Species are populations of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
2. The bottleneck effect describes a dramatic, and often temporary, reduction in population size, leading to decreased genetic diversity in a population.
3. A prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanism is one that prevents reproduction in offspring.
4. Human males have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes.
5. In complete dominance, the heterozygote expresses the dominant trait.
6. Bile is produced in the gall bladder.
7. Sickle cell anemia causes the body to not get enough oxygen due to the shape of red blood cells.
8. Section that contains nucleotide sequences that will be expressed is called non-coding DNA.
9. Herbaceous stems have a more complex structure than woody stems.
10. Archaea are able to survive under very extreme environmental conditions.

**Multiple Choice**

11. Where did Darwin discover many varieties of species including finches?
- a) Ecuador
- b) Hawaiian Islands
- c) Florida
- d) Galapagos Islands

12. What prevents one species from successfully interbreeding with another species?
- a) microevolution
- b) gradualism
- c) punctuated equilibrium
- d) reproductive isolation mechanisms

13. What is adaptive radiation?
- a) The slow change in organisms over time
- b) A mechanism of evolution that causes adaptive changes in organisms
- c) The evolution of many species from a single ancestral species
- d) The formation of a new behavior or structure within a species
- e) A habitat isolating mechanism that keeps species apart

14. Structures that become less prominent in modern species due to its lack of use are known as:
- a) homologous features
- b) analogous features
- c) vestigial features
- d) evolutionary features

15. In each skin cell, a normal human would have:
- a) 23 chromosomes
- b) 46 pairs of chromosomes
- c) 23 pairs of chromosomes
- d) 66 chromosomes

16. Chromosomes break apart and individual chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell in:
- a) interphase
- b) metaphase
- c) anaphase
- d) telophase