Answer :
Final answer:
The correct order of labels in the flowchart for secondary succession observed in a deciduous forest of Eastern North America is c) Pioneer species, Grasses, Shrubs, Climax community. Pioneer species colonize the disturbed area first, followed by grasses, then shrubs and ultimately, the climax community forms.
Explanation:
To complete the model of secondary succession observed in a deciduous forest of Eastern North America, the correct order of labels in the flowchart is Pioneer species, Grasses, Shrubs, Climax community. This means the answer is c). Secondary succession is a process started by an event like a forest fire, that reduces an already established ecosystem. Pioneer species are the first to colonize these disturbed areas, and they begin the process of succession. These are usually grasses or other small plants that are suited to endure the harsh conditions. Over time, these change the environment, allowing shrubs to grow. This creates the conditions necessary for larger plants, and eventually trees (the climax community), to inhabit the area.
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