Answer :
Final answer:
Heat transfer through house windows is mainly by conduction. The correct option is (d) radiation and convection.
Explanation:
Thermal energy transfer through the glass windows of a house primarily occurs through radiation and convection. Radiation involves the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves. Sunlight, which contains infrared radiation, penetrates through the glass windows and heats the interior surfaces. Similarly, heat radiated from objects inside the house, such as furniture and bodies, is also absorbed by the windows.
Convection, on the other hand, involves the movement of heat through a fluid medium, such as air. As the glass windows absorb radiant heat, they warm up the air in contact with their surfaces. This warm air becomes less dense and rises, creating a convection current. As the warm air rises, cooler air from the surroundings replaces it, and the cycle continues. This process contributes to the overall transfer of thermal energy through the windows.
