Answer :
Final answer:
The step-up transformer boosts the voltage to the necessary kVp for long-distance power transmission and operates based on Faraday's law of induction. The secondary winding in a step-up transformer has more coils than the primary to increase voltage.
Explanation:
The step-up transformer boosts the voltage to the kVp that was selected for transmitting power efficiently over long distances. High voltages are used in power transmission to minimize the loss of power due to resistance in the wires. It is through the process of electromagnetic induction, in accordance with Faraday's law of induction, that a transformer either steps up or steps down the voltage.
In the case of the step-up transformer, it increases the voltage from a lower value to a higher value, often in the range of 120 to 700 kV for long-distance transmission, while proportionally decreasing the current. Once it reaches the area of consumption, the voltage is then reduced by a step-down transformer to levels suitable for homes and businesses, such as 120, 240, or 480 V.
To distinguish between the primary and secondary windings in a step-up transformer, one can look at the number of coils. The secondary winding has a greater number of turns compared to the primary winding, which allows it to increase voltage output as per the transformer's principle.
