Suppose there are three true-breeding strains of Drosophila flies, called A, B, and C. Each of these strains has a different phenotype: Strain A has the A phenotype, strain B has the B phenotype, and strain C has the C phenotype. Females from each of these strains are mated to wild-type males. The F1 males and females are then mated to each other to produce these F2 results. Strain A: 3/4 females are A and 3/4 males are A. Strain B: 1/2 females are B and 1/2 males are B. Strain C: All females are C and 1/2 males are C. For each of the three strains, indicate whether the underlying mutation is: a. autosomal dominant b. autosomal recessive c. x-linked dominant d. x-linked recessive e. y-linked. Explain your answers and indicate the F1 genotypes

Strain A is likely autosomal dominant, strain B most likely autosomal recessive, and strain C probably x-linked dominant. The distribution of phenotypes across sexes and the calculated ratios align with these patterns of inheritance.

Explanation:

The phenotypes and inheritance patterns of the Drosophila flies suggest the following for the underlying mutations:

Strain A: It's likely autosomal dominant. An autosomal dominant mutation will be observed in both sexes equally. The 3/4 proportion suggests that one of the parents is heterozygous.
Strain B: This strain is probably autosomal recessive. An autosomal recessive trait would appear in both males and females equally, and the 1/2 ratio indicates that the trait is only visible in homozygous individuals.
Strain C: The characteristic is most likely x-linked dominant, as all females display the trait, but only 1/2 of males, which coincides with the inheritance pattern of x-linked dominant traits.

In terms of the F1 genotypes, for the dominant traits (Strain A and C), the F1 generation would be heterozygous, as one parent contributes the mutant phenotype and the other contributes the wild type. For the recessive strain (Strain B), both would need to be homozygous for the trait to appear.

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