Answer :
The correct vertical sequence indicating transgression is option d: Shale over limestone. This sequence reflects deeper water deposits overlying shallower water deposits due to rising sea levels.
Transgression occurs when sea levels rise, causing sediment deposition in a landward direction. In a transgressive sequence, deeper water deposits will overlay shallower water deposits.
- Conglomerate is typically found in shallow, high-energy environments such as river shores.
- Sandstone is deposited in moderately shallow marine environments.
- Shale forms in deeper, quieter waters.
- Limestone generally forms in even deeper marine conditions.
Given this, the vertical succession indicating transgression would be: Shale over limestone.
- Option d: Shale over limestone indicates deeper water shale deposits overlying limestone, which is consistent with a transgressive sequence.
The correct answer indicating transgression is option e. Conglomerate over limestone. Transgression refers to the process in which the shoreline migrates landward, resulting in the deposition of sediments over previously deposited rocks. This occurs due to factors such as rising sea levels or subsidence of the land.
In the given options, conglomerate over limestone represents a vertical sequence that indicates transgression. Conglomerate is a coarse-grained sedimentary rock composed of rounded fragments, indicating the deposition of sediment in a high-energy environment such as a beach or river channel. Limestone, on the other hand, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock formed from the accumulation of calcium carbonate, typically in shallow marine environments.
When conglomerate overlies limestone, it suggests that the area experienced a transgression, with the sea encroaching on the land and depositing sediments on top of the previously formed limestone. This vertical sequence indicates a shift in the shoreline and the progressive submergence of the area.
In summary, option e, conglomerate over limestone, represents a vertical sequence that signifies transgression, reflecting the migration of the shoreline and the deposition of sediments over previously formed limestone.
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