Answer :
Applying motivation theories such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs, McClelland's Achievement and Power Motivation Theories, and the Expectancy Theory can help guide the motivation strategies for each individual based on their unique needs and aspirations.
Based on the provided case study, the following motivation theories can be applied to each individual:
Joanne Harper: Joanne's desire for a year's leave of absence to go on an around-the-world cruise indicates a need for self-actualization and personal growth. Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggests that once basic needs are met, individuals strive for self-fulfillment and exploration.
Motivating Joanne would involve providing opportunities for personal development and new challenges within her current role.
John Weston: John's tendency to find better ways and his aspiration to start his own business suggests that he is driven by the need for achievement. McClelland's Achievement Motivation Theory proposes that individuals with a high need for achievement are motivated by challenging tasks and opportunities for recognition.
To motivate John, his employer could provide him with opportunities to innovate, recognize his accomplishments, and potentially support his entrepreneurial aspirations.
Carol Sinclair: Carol's consideration of pursuing a master's degree in management indicates a desire for growth and advancement. The Expectancy Theory of Motivation suggests that individuals are motivated when they believe their efforts will lead to desired outcomes.
To motivate Carol, her manager can offer support for her educational goals and provide opportunities for advancement within the company.
Neville Santo: Neville's lack of initiative and inconsistent performance suggest a need for increased motivation and engagement. The Two-Factor Theory (Herzberg) proposes that job satisfaction is influenced by both motivating factors (e.g., recognition, growth opportunities) and hygiene factors (e.g., job security, work conditions).
To motivate Neville, his manager could provide clear expectations, offer recognition for his achievements, and create opportunities for skill development.
Tony Hamilton: Tony's aspiration to be a managing director within the next seven years reflects a high need for power and achievement. McClelland's Power and Achievement Motivation Theories can be applied here. To motivate Tony, his organization can provide challenging projects, opportunities for leadership roles, and clear career advancement paths.
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