Question 3:

Which sentence BEST explains why the Supreme Court struck down segregation in public schools?

A. In approaching this problem, we cannot turn the clock back to 1868 when the [Fourteenth] Amendment was adopted, or even to 1896 when Plessy v. Ferguson was written.

B. Only in this way can it be determined if segregation in public schools deprives these plaintiffs of the equal protection of the laws.

C. To separate [students] from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely to ever be undone.

D. Whatever may have been the extent of psychological knowledge at the time of Plessy v. Ferguson, this finding is amply supported by modern authority.

The Supreme Court struck down segregation in schools, as outlined in C, because it highlighted the feelings of inferiority created by segregated education. This emotional impact was deemed detrimental and unconstitutional, influencing their decision to abolish such practices. The ruling emphasized that segregation harmed students' self-esteem and social standing.

Explanation:

Understanding the Supreme Court's Decision on School Segregation

The question investigates why the Supreme Court overturned segregation in public schools, primarily highlighted in the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education. Each option provided addresses different aspects of this crucial legal decision.

Analysis of the Options

Option A: This acknowledges historical context but does not directly address the impact of segregation on individuals.
Option B: This option suggests a method for evaluating the legality of segregation, but it lacks emotional depth.
Option C: This is the strongest option as it emphasizes the mental and emotional damage caused by segregation, stating that it generates a feeling of inferiority among affected students, which directly explains why segregation is unconstitutional.
Option D: While citing modern psychological support, it primarily reflects on historical knowledge rather than the impact of segregation itself.

Thus, Option C is the BEST explanation because it addresses both the societal implications of racial segregation and its adverse psychological effects, which fundamentally influenced the Court's decision.

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