Answer :
Final answer:
This detailed answer defines various terms related to the reproductive system, such as hereditary, genotype, phenotype, DNA, chromosome, allele, gamete, zygote, homozygous, heterozygous, and more. It also includes definitions for the processes of binary fission, budding, fragmentation, and regeneration. Additionally, the term 'photosynthesis' is defined.
Explanation:
Hereditary: The passing of traits from parents to offspring through genes.
Recessive Trait: A trait that is only expressed when an organism has two copies of the recessive allele.
Punnett Square: A diagram used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.
Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of alleles for a particular trait.
Phenotype: The physical appearance or observable characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype and influenced by the environment.
DNA: The molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms.
Chromosome: A thread-like structure made of DNA and protein that carries the genes of an organism.
Allele: One of the alternative forms of a gene, occupying the same position (locus) on a chromosome.
Binary Fission: A form of asexual reproduction in which a single cell divides into two equal parts, each of which becomes a new cell.
Budding: A form of asexual reproduction in which an offspring develops as a growth or outgrowth on the parent organism.
Gregor Mendel: An Austrian monk known as the father of modern genetics, who conducted experiments with pea plants and discovered the basic principles of heredity.
Fragmentation: A form of asexual reproduction in which an organism breaks into two or more parts, with each part developing into a new individual.
Regeneration: The ability of an organism to regrow damaged or lost body parts.
Gamete: A haploid reproductive cell, such as a sperm or egg, that fuses with another gamete during fertilization to form a zygote.
Vegetative Propagation: A form of asexual reproduction in plants where offspring arise from vegetative structures like roots, stems, and leaves.
Zygote: The diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg, containing two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
Homozygous: Having two identical alleles for a particular trait.
Heterozygous: Having two different alleles for a particular trait.
Hydra: A simple aquatic animal that can reproduce asexually by budding.
Genetic: Relating to the study of genes and heredity.
Fertilization: The process of combining gametes to form a zygote.
Amoeba: A type of single-celled organism that can reproduce asexually through binary fission.
Nucleus: The membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material.
Extra:
Photosynthesis: The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize food from carbon dioxide and water, producing oxygen as a byproduct.
