Pigeons may exhibit a checkered or plain color pattern. When checkered pigeons were crossed with plain pigeons, 38 F1 offspring were produced, and they were all checkered. When the checkered F1 offspring were crossed, 28 checkered and 9 plain offspring were produced. From this data, the simplest conclusion is:

A. Checkered and plain assort independently.
B. Checkered and plain are codominant.
C. Checkered is dominant to plain.
D. Plain is dominant to checkered.

Checkered is dominant to plain. Based on the data provided, the simplest conclusion is that the checkered pattern offspring is dominant over the plain pattern, and the plain pattern is recessive.

In the first cross between checkered and plain pigeons, all of the F1 offspring were checkered, indicating that the checkered allele is dominant and masks the expression of the plain allele. In the second cross between the checkered F1 offspring, a 9:28 ratio of plain to checkered offspring was produced, which is consistent with the expression of a dominant-recessive relationship. This suggests that the checkered allele is dominant and the plain allele is recessive, and that the checkered phenotype is produced when the dominant allele is present, regardless of the presence of the recessive allele.

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