Many 2-year-old infants enter a special program because of their very low IQ scores. Five years later, most of them have improved. Perhaps the program helped. What is another explanation?

A. Scores fluctuate on tests with low reliability.
B. The IQ test for 7-year-olds is easier than the one for 2-year-olds.
C. Their scores increased because of the Flynn effect.
D. On average, 7-year-olds have higher IQs than 2-year-olds.

The improvement in IQ scores among 2-year-olds could be attributed to various factors, including the Flynn effect, which indicates a general increase in IQ scores across populations. Other influences such as improved nutrition, education, and cognitive engagement could also be contributing factors. The Flynn effect helps explain why children's scores might rise over time regardless of specific interventions.

Explanation:

Understanding Improvements in IQ Scores

In the scenario where 2-year-old infants enter a special program due to low IQ scores and show improvements after five years, while the program could be a factor, there are other potential explanations for this change. One significant consideration is the Flynn effect, which indicates that the average IQ scores in populations have been rising over the decades. The Flynn effect suggests that improvements in nutrition, education, and cognitive stimulation available in modern environments can lead to higher IQ scores across generations.

Looking at the options provided:

O a Scores fluctuate on tests with low reliability. - This is a plausible explanation, as testing variations can yield different results.
O b The IQ test for 7-year-olds is easier than the one for 2-year-olds. - This could contribute to score improvements but is less relevant since the tests for different age groups are designed with age-appropriate difficulty.
O c Their scores increased because of the Flynn effect. - This is a strong candidate for explaining overall improvements, as documented increases in average IQ may apply.
O d On average, 7-year-olds have higher IQs than 2-year-olds. - This statement is generally true, reflecting the norming of tests for various age groups but does not specifically account for improvement from intervention.

Therefore, the statement O c Their scores increased because of the Flynn effect is a valid alternative explanation for the observed improvement in the IQ scores of the children, in light of environmental and societal factors.

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