Answer :
In areas with trees darkened by pollution, natural selection favors darker beetles with an extreme expression of the trait.
Darkened trees in polluted areas create an environment where lighter-colored beetles are more easily visible and vulnerable to predation. As a result, darker beetles have a higher survival rate and are more likely to pass on their genes to the next generation. This phenomenon is an example of natural selection, a key mechanism of evolution.
The extreme expression of the dark trait in beetles provides them with a better camouflage against the darkened tree surfaces. This increased camouflage allows darker beetles to blend in with their environment and avoid predation more effectively than lighter-colored beetles.
Over time, the selective pressure exerted by predation on lighter-colored beetles leads to a higher frequency of darker beetles in the population. This shift in the population's phenotype (observable traits) is a result of the differential survival and reproductive success of individuals with darker coloration.
By favoring the extreme expression of the dark trait in beetles, natural selection promotes the adaptation of the population to the polluted environment. This adaptation increases the overall fitness of the beetles, as individuals with the advantageous trait have a greater chance of surviving and reproducing.
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