In 2012, the United States imposed antidumping and countervailing duties totaling 24% and 36%, respectively, on imports of solar panels from two groups of Chinese solar panel exporters. Which of the following describes the process that led to these duties?

I. The U.S. Department of Commerce determined that China was dumping and subsidizing solar panels in the U.S. market.

II. The U.S. International Trade Commission determined that Chinese solar panel imports caused material injury to U.S. solar panel producers.

III. The World Trade Organization determined that China was dumping and subsidizing solar panels in the U.S. market.

a. I and II
b. I and III
c. II and III
d. I, II, and III

both steps I and II were involved in the imposition of duties. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is not directly involved in the U.S. decision to impose these duties, although disputes related to trade practices can be brought to the WTO for resolution. correct option is a.

The process that led to the imposition of antidumping and countervailing duties on Chinese solar panels in the United States typically involves two key steps:

I. The U.S. Department of Commerce determines whether China is dumping (selling below cost) and subsidizing solar panels in the U.S. market.

II. The U.S. International Trade Commission determines whether Chinese solar panel imports have caused material injury to U.S. solar panel producers.

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