Answer :
Igneous rocks are classified into three types: deep intrusive, shallow intrusive, and extrusive. Deep intrusive rocks like granite and gabbro form deep underground, while shallow intrusive rocks like porphyry and andesite form at intermediate depths. Extrusive rocks such as basalt and obsidian form on the Earth's surface through volcanic activity. These rocks have different textures, colors, and compositions, and are used for various purposes including construction and decoration.
Igneous (Deep Intrusive) Rock Table:
Granite is a light gray to pink coarse-grained rock composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica, commonly used in construction.
- Diorite, a gray to dark gray coarse-grained rock, consists of plagioclase feldspar and hornblende and is often found in mountain ranges.
- Gabbro is a dark green to black coarse-grained rock composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and olivine, commonly used in construction and as a decorative stone.
- Peridotite, a dark green to black coarse-grained ultramafic rock, is composed of olivine and pyroxene and is found in the Earth's mantle.
Igneous (Shallow Intrusive) Rock Table:
- Porphyry is a hypabyssal rock with a fine-grained groundmass containing large crystals, and it comes in various colors.
- Andesite is a gray fine-grained rock composed of plagioclase feldspar, hornblende, and biotite, commonly found in volcanic arcs.
- Rhyolite, a light gray to pink fine-grained rock, consists of quartz, feldspar, and mica and is often associated with explosive volcanic eruptions.
- Dacite, a light gray to dark gray fine-grained rock, is composed of plagioclase feldspar, quartz, and hornblende and is often found in volcanic domes.
Igneous (Extrusive) Rock Table:
- Basalt is a dark gray to black fine-grained volcanic rock composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and olivine, commonly found in oceanic crust and volcanic islands.
- Andesite is a gray fine-grained volcanic rock composed of plagioclase feldspar, hornblende, and biotite, commonly found in volcanic arcs.
- Rhyolite, a light gray to pink fine-grained volcanic rock, consists of quartz, feldspar, and mica and is often associated with explosive volcanic eruptions.
- Obsidian is a black volcanic glass with a glassy texture, formed from rapidly cooling lava or magma.
Find the tables below for your reference.
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