Answer :
1: After two months, half of the radioactive sample remains, so the answer is one half of a gram (option b).
2: Nuclear reactors involving uranium primarily use nuclear fission, not fusion (option d).
3: The type of radiation that involves the least amount of energy is alpha particles (option a).
1. If one gram of a radioactive sample has a half-life of two months, then how many grams of the radioactive sample remains after two months?
The half-life of a radioactive substance is the time it takes for half of the initial amount of the substance to decay. In this case, the half-life of the radioactive sample is two months.
After two months, half of the original sample would have decayed. So, if we start with one gram of the radioactive sample, after two months, only half of it remains. Therefore, the answer is:
b. One half of a gram
2. The type of nuclear chemistry in most nuclear reactors involving uranium is called fusion; greater than fusion; less than fission; greater than fission; less than
The correct answer to this question is:
d. fission; less than
Nuclear reactors involving uranium primarily use a process called nuclear fission. Fission is the splitting of an atomic nucleus into two smaller nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy. This process involves breaking apart the nucleus of a heavy atom, such as uranium, into smaller fragments.
On a per gram basis, the energy released by nuclear fission is greater than the energy released by the combustion of gasoline. Therefore, the correct answer is "fission; less than."
3. The correct answer to this question is:
a. Alpha particles
Alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons, which is the same as a helium nucleus. They have a relatively large mass compared to other types of radiation. Due to their larger mass, alpha particles have less energy and can be stopped by a sheet of paper or a few centimeters of air.
In comparison, beta particles, which are high-energy electrons or positrons, can penetrate further and require a few millimeters of aluminum or plastic to stop them.
Gamma particles, on the other hand, are high-energy electromagnetic waves similar to X-rays. They have the highest energy and are the most penetrating, requiring several centimeters of lead or meters of concrete to block them.
Therefore, among the given options, alpha particles involve the least amount of energy.
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