Answer :
Final answer:
The original formula for calculating IQ, instituted by Alfred Binet, is (Mental Age / Chronological Age) x 100, with an average score being 100. IQ is typically distributed according to a bell curve, with most individuals scoring between 85 and 115. Modern understanding of intelligence has expanded beyond this formula to acknowledge multiple aspects of cognitive ability.
Explanation:
The original formula for calculating IQ was developed by Alfred Binet in the early 20th century. The formula is (Mental Age / Chronological Age) x 100. Using this formula, an average IQ score is 100. This means if a person's mental age matches their actual age, they would have an average IQ.
In terms of distribution, most people score between 85 and 115 on IQ tests, which conforms to the bell curve of a standard distribution. Only about 2.2% of the population scores below 70, and a similar proportion scores above 130. People scoring around 70 may be diagnosed with an intellectual disability, while those scoring 130 or higher may be classified as 'gifted'.
While this traditional method of calculating IQ still holds significant value, understanding of intelligence has evolved to recognize multiple abilities in several different cognitive realms, which has led to development of more complex and multi-faceted intelligence testing tools.
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