Answer :
Final answer:
To calculate Qp:Qs by echo, divide Qp by Qs.
Explanation:
To calculate Qp:Qs by echo, you need to have the values for Qp (pulmonary blood flow) and Qs (systemic blood flow). The ratio Qp:Qs is calculated by dividing Qp by Qs. For example, if Qp is 100 and Qs is 200, the ratio would be 0.5 (100/200). This ratio is used to assess the shunt fraction of blood flow between the pulmonary and systemic circulations.
