Answer :
Final answer:
To assess the WHO-ICF framework levels, clinical evaluations, standardized instruments like WHODAS II, surveys, and interviews are used to measure impairment, activity levels, and social participation, respectively. These assessments take into account the impact of chronic conditions on functioning and quality of life, and should be guided by ethical practices and current research-based methods.
Explanation:
To assess each level of the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (WHO-ICF) framework of Impairment, Activity, and Participation, various measurement tools and scales are utilized. Impairment is typically evaluated through clinical assessments that identify changes in body structure or function, while Activity refers to the execution of tasks and actions by an individual, which can be measured through self-report questionnaires or observation of task performance. Social Participation, which involves engagement in life situations, is often gauged through surveys or interviews that address an individual’s involvement in social roles and activities. Furthermore, the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS II) is a globally recognized standardized instrument that can be used across all three levels to measure individuals’ levels of functioning in different domains. The assessment considers factors such as the severity and impact of the disability or health condition on various aspects of life, including difficulties with activities of daily living and interactions with the health care system.
It's also important to note that personal factors such as anxiety and depression, which are frequently observed in chronic conditions like arthritis, osteoporosis, and chronic back conditions, should be taken into account since they can affect an individual’s functional capacity and quality of life. Ethical practices and current research-based assessment methods should guide the assessment process, as dictated by laws such as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA, 2004). This comprehensive approach ensures a holistic understanding of the individual's condition and its impact on various areas of life.
