Answer :
Final answer:
Aluminum (Al), a metal, forms a cation Al³⁺ by losing three electrons. Non-metals like Nitrogen (N) and Oxygen (O) gain electrons to form anions N³⁻ and O²⁻, respectively. Boron (B), a metalloid, can lose three electrons to form B³⁺. Sulfur's ion charge is uncertain without the electron configuration.
Explanation:
The charge on ions formed by the atoms given is determined by the atom's ability to gain or lose electrons to obtain a stable electron configuration, similar to the nearest noble gas. For instance, Aluminum (Al) atoms lose three electrons to form Al³⁺, a cation with a charge of 3+ as they try to reach a noble gas configuration. While atoms like Nitrogen (N) or Oxygen (O), which are non-metals, gain electrons to reach a stable configuration. Nitrogen gains 3 electrons to form N³⁻, while Oxygen gains 2 electrons to form O²⁻ to achieve stability similar to the nearest noble gas.
The occasional mention of Carbon (C) forming C4⁻ is incorrect, as Carbon commonly forms covalent bonds instead of ions. Lastly, Boron (B), which is a metalloid, can lose three electrons to attain a stable configuration, forming B³⁺. So the charges on the ions formed by these atoms are Al³⁺, B³, N³⁻, O²⁻. Without a specific configuration for Sulfur (S), we cannot provide the charge on its ions.
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