Answer :
Hash functions are one-way functions that map data of arbitrary size to a fixed-size output. Hash functions are widely used in cryptography for verifying the integrity of data, password storage, and other applications.
Collision resistance is one of the critical properties of hash functions. It ensures that it is computationally infeasible to find two different inputs that map to the same hash value. In other words, if two messages have the same hash value, it should be impossible to find a third message that maps to the same hash value.In cryptographic applications, the collision resistance property is necessary to prevent an attacker from finding a different message that hashes to the same value as the original message.
Suppose an attacker can find two different messages that have the same hash value. In that case, they can replace one message with another without the recipient being aware of the change. This type of attack is called a collision attack and is a severe security threat.Let's consider an example to understand how the lack of collision resistance property defies the purpose of a hash function.
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