Answer :
Final answer:
The stage of human development during which parents help children develop self-control and self-esteem is called autonomy vs. shame and doubt. This phase typically occurs between 1 and 3 years old, where children begin to assert independence and explore their environment. Supportive parenting fosters a sense of autonomy, while overly critical responses can lead to shame and doubt.
Explanation:
Erikson's Stage of Development: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
The correct answer to the question regarding the stage of human development where parents help children develop self-control and self-esteem is autonomy vs. shame and doubt. This stage is considered Erikson's second crisis of psychosocial development, typically occurring between the ages of 1 and 3 years old.
During this period, toddlers begin to explore their environment more actively and strive for a sense of independence or autonomy. As they walk and talk, they test the limits of what they can do and start to make choices for themselves, such as deciding what to wear or what to eat. For example, a child may proudly insist, "Me do it!" when trying to dress independently.
Parental guidance plays a crucial role at this stage. If caregivers support their child's attempts at independence, it can lead to the development of self-control and a healthy self-esteem. However, if children are overly criticized, restricted, or shamed for their exploratory actions, they may develop feelings of doubt about their capabilities or a sense of shame about their actions.
Key Points
- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt is vital for building self-esteem.
- Encouragement leads to confidence, while criticism can cause shame.
- This stage is foundational for children's future emotional and social development.
Learn more about Erikson's Psychosocial Development here:
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