During which phases of the degenerative cascade are disc injuries more likely to occur, and why?

A. Disc injuries are more likely to occur during the degenerative phase of the cascade, as the disc's structure weakens and becomes more susceptible to injury.

B. Disc injuries are more prevalent during the instability phase, as the continual stress and strain placed on the disc can lead to wear and tear, potentially resulting in injury.

C. Disc injuries are prone to happen during the inflammatory phase, as the body's response to injury can lead to an increased risk of disc damage and herniation.

D. Disc injuries are more likely to occur during the stabilization phase, as the body's attempt to heal and stabilize the injured area can result in further stress and potential injury to the disc.

a) Disc injuries are more probable during the degenerative phase due to the weakening structure of the disc, increased susceptibility to shear forces, and the decreased water content in the nucleus pulposus with age.

Disc injuries are more likely to occur during the degenerative phase of the cascade, as the disc's structure weakens and becomes more susceptible to injury. Intervertebral discs, composed of the anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus, are designed to withstand compressional forces rather than shear forces. Therefore, factors that increase the curvature of the spinal column, such as pregnancy or being overweight, can increase shear forces and risk of injury. In addition, with aging, the water content in the nucleus pulposus declines, leading to thinner and less flexible discs, escalating the risk of disc herniation especially when coupled with activities such as lifting heavy objects.