Answer :
Final answer:
Heat transfer between the mantle and lithosphere occurs primarily through conduction at their boundary and convection within the mantle itself. Radiation and insolation do not play a role in this internal Earth process.
Explanation:
Between the mantle and lithosphere, the type of heat transfer that occurs is primarily through conduction and convection. Conduction is the transfer of heat between two objects in direct contact with each other and occurs at the boundary where the lithosphere and mantle are in contact. Meanwhile, convection is heat transfer by the movement of mass within the mantle itself due to the heat-driven circulation of mantle material.
Radiation is heat transfer by electromagnetic waves and is not involved in the heat transfer processes between the mantle and lithosphere. In contrast, insolation, which refers to solar radiation received by the earth, is not relevant to internal Earth processes like mantle convection and lithospheric conduction.
