Answer :
Considering the Lewis structure for the nitric acid molecule, HNO3, the false statement is option b), which states that the nitrogen atom has a formal charge of +1.
The Lewis structure for nitric acid, HNO3, consists of a central nitrogen atom bonded to three oxygen atoms and a hydrogen atom. Each of the oxygen atoms is single-bonded to the nitrogen atom and has a lone pair of electrons. The hydrogen atom is also bonded to one of the oxygen atoms.
Now, let's consider the given statements. Option a) states that the nitrogen atom is sp2 hybridized, which is true. The nitrogen atom in HNO3 is sp2 hybridized, as it forms three sigma bonds with three oxygen atoms and has one lone pair of electrons.
Option b) states that the nitrogen atom has a formal charge of +1, which is false. The nitrogen atom in HNO3 has a formal charge of 0, as it has five valence electrons and is surrounded by four electrons in the form of three bonds and one lone pair of electrons.
Option c) states that the nitric acid molecule has a net dipole moment, which is true. The molecule is polar due to the electronegativity difference between the nitrogen and oxygen atoms, resulting in a net dipole moment.
Finally, option d) states that the nitrogen atom has a lone pair of electrons, which is true. The nitrogen atom in HNO3 has one lone pair of electrons, which occupies the sp2 hybridized orbital perpendicular to the plane of the molecule.
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Final answer:
The false statement in the options provided is that the nitrogen atom in the nitric acid molecule has a lone pair of electrons. Nitrogen is sp2 hybridized with a +1 formal charge and participates in covalent bonds, having no lone pairs in HNO3.
Explanation:
When analyzing the Lewis structure for the nitric acid molecule, HNO3, the false statement among the given options is:
- The nitrogen atom has a lone pair of electrons.
This statement is false because the nitrogen in nitric acid is indeed sp2 hybridized and has a +1 formal charge, but it does not have a lone pair of electrons. Instead, all of its electrons are shared in covalent bonds with the oxygen atoms. Nitric acid has a net dipole moment due to its asymmetrical shape, which means that option (c) is actually true.
