Answer :
Final answer:
The transition from nomadic lifestyles to settled agricultural communities, cultural innovations, and the specialization of labor marked the beginning of early civilizations, specifically in areas labelled as the 'cradles of civilization'. These civilizations, which developed between 10,000 and 8,000 BCE, are characterized by urban settings, labor specialization, and social stratification.
Explanation:
The subject of this question pertains to the development and characteristics of early civilizations. These emerged between 10,000 and 8,000 BCE in a few specific areas that included Mexico, Peru, China, India/Pakistan, Iraq, and Egypt and are often referred to as the 'cradles of civilization.' The introduction of farming facilitated larger settlements and enabled some people to specialize in tasks like manufacturing handcrafts, tending to the spiritual world, and governing.
Early civilizations were characterized by urbanization, specialization of labor, distinct social stratification, and the increased capacity for contemplative and thoughtful activities like music, poetry, and philosophy as a result of a more sedentary lifestyle brought about by agriculture. Notable examples include civilizations built in Neolithic settlements like Jericho, Çatalhöyük, Mehrgarh, and others in China, Mesoamerica, and the Andean region of South America.
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