Answer :
Final answer:
The question refers to characteristics of early civilizations, which include developed cities, record keeping, writing, and the specialization of labor. Specialization of labor marks a societal characteristic of certain roles like farming or manufacturing. These civilizations further demonstrated advances in urban planning, monumental architecture and writing systems like cuneiform.
Explanation:
The question refers to the characteristics of early civilizations. These arose in specific areas around the world between 10,000 and 8,000 BCE, dubbed the 'cradles of civilization'. Notably, these civilizations showed characteristics such as developed cities, record keeping, writing, and specialization of labor.
Specialization of labor is a societal characteristic where individuals perform specific tasks such as farming or producing clothing and tools. This contributes to the overall well-being of the community. Record keeping and the development of writing were also pivotal. For instance, the Sumerians invented cuneiform, a writing system used to keep records of commercial transactions, religious texts, laws, among others.
Early civilizations, centred on developed cities, were typically built around large rivers, providing an environment conducive to agriculture and population stability. Cities were often designed with urban planning principles, showcasing advanced architecture - like the ziggurats in Sumerian cities, and tools for trade and commerce.
