Bob, a middle manager, has been asked by his senior manager to investigate a recent problem with a disrespectful employee on Bob's team. After some investigation, Bob realizes that this is a technical problem. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true if this really is a technical problem?

a. The disrespectful employee has friends who are influential stakeholders in the organization, and these stakeholders will not agree with Bob's manager about how to handle the issue.
b. Bob already knows everything that he needs to do because there are already clear policies at the organization for handling disrespectful behavior.
c. Bob's senior manager has already decided on how she wants to handle the employee and will not implement any suggestions that Bob gives that go against her current plan.
d. Bob needs to understand why the employee was disrespectful before he can determine the most appropriate response.

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A manager notices that many of their employees have quit recently and hires a team of research consultants to help investigate the reason for this. After collecting data, the consultants suggest that employees in the company's Information Technology (IT) department are overworked and, as a result, are leaving in large numbers. The manager is unhappy with this explanation, however, because it only explains why employees in the IT department are quitting and does not apply to employees in the company’s other departments. What 'hallmark' of the Scientific Method did the consultants fail to address?

a. Purposiveness
b. Rigor
c. Replicability
d. Generalizability

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Nadeem, an organizational consultant, was hired by a company to study whether employees' level of engagement can predict their later job performance. When Nadeem came back with a proposed research project, the client company was concerned that his proposed study greatly exceeded the budget they had set and would also require them to interpret complicated quantitative results that their staff did not have the training to understand. Why would the client likely reject Nadeem's proposed study?

a. The advanced quantitative results would be unlikely to give parsimonious, practical answers.
b. The advanced quantitative results would not be generalizable enough to make the study purposeful.
c. The proposed research project requires too many resources to be considered feasible.
d. The proposed research project is too exploratory to test the causal relationship the client asked for.

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As a manager, Julie often reviews the academic research literature when she's faced with a new management problem. An employee that she is mentoring asks Julie why she takes the time to do this. Which of the following responses would Julie most likely give to her mentee?

a. "We can often define our problem more clearly and precisely if we use the theories and knowledge that already exist in the research literature."
b. "If our problem isn't reported in contexts outside of our organization too, then it probably isn't something that's generalizable enough for us to research."
c. "Formal research literature is usually less biased and more valuable than local data from just one organization, so it should be assigned more consideration in our decisions."
d. "Before we can justify conducting any research into this problem, it's important to ensure that the solutions that the research literature suggests are things our stakeholders would consider acceptable."

a. The disrespectful employee has friends who are influential stakeholders in the organization; and these stakeholders will not agree with Bob's manager about how to handle the issue.

d. The proposed research project is too exploratory to test the causal relationship the client asked.

a. "We can often define our problem more clearly and precisely if we use the theories and knowledge that already exist in the research literature."

If Bob realizes that the problem with the disrespectful employee is a technical problem, the statement that is most likely to be true is:

b. Bob already knows everything that he needs to do because there are already clear policies at the organization for handling disrespectful behavior.

Since this is a technical problem, the organization is likely to have established policies and procedures in place to address such issues. Bob can refer to these policies to determine the appropriate course of action in dealing with the disrespectful employee. The policies may outline steps for counseling, disciplinary action, or other interventions to address the problem behavior. By following the established policies, Bob can ensure consistency and fairness in handling the situation.

In the case of the manager investigating the high employee turnover in the IT department, the consultants failed to address the hallmark of generalizability. They provided an explanation specific to the IT department but did not consider whether the same reasons applied to employees in other departments. For a scientific study or analysis to be valid, it should strive for generalizability, meaning that the findings and conclusions can be applied to a broader population or context. In this case, the manager would expect an explanation that encompasses the reasons for employee turnover across the entire organization, not just in one department.

If Nadeem's proposed study requires a large budget and complex quantitative results that the client company's staff lacks the training to interpret, the client is likely to reject the study due to feasibility concerns. The proposed study may be deemed too costly and resource-intensive for the potential practical benefits it would provide. The client may prioritize more parsimonious and practical solutions that are easier to implement and align with their available resources.

When Julie reviews the academic research literature to address management problems, she is likely to respond to her mentee with:

a. "We can often define our problem more clearly and precisely if we use the theories and knowledge that already exist in the research literature."

Julie recognizes the value of leveraging existing theories and knowledge in the research literature to gain insights and clarity on management problems. By relying on established research, Julie can benefit from the wealth of knowledge accumulated by experts in the field and apply evidence-based approaches to problem-solving. The research literature provides a broader perspective beyond the organization's specific context and can offer valuable insights and best practices to inform decision-making.

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