Answer :
Mutation was the mechanism of gene transfer between bacterial cells.
A mutation is a change in the DNA that can occasionally result in a change in the gene product, which is the antimicrobial's target.
Bacterial horizontal gene transfer is accomplished by three basic mechanisms: conjugation, natural transformation, and transduction. Conjugation is the most researched mode of horizontal gene transfer in the human gut or elsewhere.
Conjugation involves the transfer of DNA pieces ranging in size from extremely tiny to enormous chromosomes. The steps of conjugation occur in the following order: a) cell-to-cell contact, b) mating pair formation, and eventually c) plasmid DNA transfer via a conjugative pilus.
The conjugative pilus is thought to represent Type IV secretion system machinery. The conjugative machinery genes are encoded by self-replicating plasmids or integrative conjugative elements in the chromosome.
From strain II to strain I, the ampicillin resistance gene was transmitted. We know this because ampicillin resistance is found on the plasmid rather than the chromosomal DNA, and the most common form of gene transfer done by bacteria in nature is conjunction, which occurs when one bacteria shares a strain of its plasmid with another bacteria, allowing that bacteria to inherit some of its DNA.
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