Answer :
Answer:
These measures help educators assess the quality and effectiveness of MCQs in assessing students' knowledge and understanding.
In the analysis of one-best multiple-choice questions (MCQs), there are three important measures: difficulty index, discrimination index, and distractor efficiency. Let's take a closer look at each of these measures:
1. Difficulty Index: The difficulty index assesses how difficult a particular MCQ is for students. It is calculated by dividing the number of students who answered the question correctly by the total number of students who attempted the question. The difficulty index ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 indicating that no student answered the question correctly and 1 indicating that all students answered the question correctly. For example, if 75 out of 100 students answered a question correctly, the difficulty index would be 75/100 = 0.75 or 75%.
2. Discrimination Index: The discrimination index measures how effectively a particular MCQ can differentiate between students who have a good understanding of the topic and those who do not. It is calculated by comparing the performance of high-scoring students with that of low-scoring students. A discrimination index value close to 1 indicates that the question effectively differentiates between the two groups, while a value close to 0 indicates poor discrimination. For example, if the discrimination index for a question is 0.5, it suggests that the question is moderately effective in discriminating between high and low-performing students.
3. Distractor Efficiency: Distractors are the incorrect answer options provided in MCQs. Distractor efficiency measures how well the distractors perform in misleading students who lack knowledge of the correct answer. It is calculated by dividing the number of students who selected a particular distractor by the total number of students who selected that distractor, plus the number of students who selected the correct answer. The distractor efficiency can range from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating more effective distractors. A distractor efficiency of 0.5 or above is considered desirable.
To summarize, the difficulty index indicates how difficult a question is, the discrimination index measures how well a question can differentiate between high and low-performing students, and the distractor efficiency evaluates the effectiveness of the incorrect answer options.
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