Answer :
Final answer:
Terrace farming was a critical adaptation developed by the Inca and Chinese civilizations in response to mountainous topography. This method enabled them to efficiently use steep slopes for agriculture, increasing food production and soil conservation. As a result, terrace farming played a vital role in sustaining large populations in these civilizations.
Explanation:
Terrace Farming in Mountainous Regions
One significant effect of mountainous topography on the Inca and Chinese civilizations was the development of terrace farming. This agricultural technique involves cutting flat areas into steep slopes to create steps, enabling the effective use of land that would otherwise be too steep for traditional farming methods.
Both the Inca and early Chinese used this method to enhance food production for their large populations. For instance, the Inca civilization in the Andes was renowned for their sophisticated terrace systems, which reduced erosion and improved soil conditions, allowing them to cultivate a variety of crops in challenging terrain.
Benefits of Terrace Farming
- Increased Agricultural Yield: By utilizing the natural contour of the land, terrace farming maximizes arable land.
- Soil Conservation: Terraces help reduce soil erosion and improve water retention.
- Food Security: This method allowed populations in mountainous areas to sustain themselves despite the challenging environment.
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