Answer :
Final answer:
The power to declare laws unconstitutional is not a power granted to the executive branch by the U.S. Constitution, but rather it is a power held by the judicial branch.
Explanation:
Among the options provided, the authority that is not granted to the executive branch by the constitution is c) the power to declare laws unconstitutional. This power is actually held by the judicial branch, specifically the Supreme Court, based on the precedent set in the landmark case Marbury v. Madison in 1803.
The President, as the head of the executive branch, is granted powers such as serving as commander-in-chief of the military, the ability to pardon a criminal convicted of federal crimes, and the power to veto laws proposed by Congress (although this veto can be overridden). However, the power to declare laws unconstitutional is not within the purview of the executive branch.
The President also serves as the commander-in-chief of the military and has the power to grant pardons, but these are not powers granted exclusively by the Constitution. I
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