An engineer is testing the effectiveness of car brakes on different cars. Three cars travel at 60 mph; all three are from the same manufacturer but have different brake types. One car has standard brakes, and the other two have more updated brakes. At a certain point (landmark), all of the cars' brakes are applied. She then records the distance it takes for each car to stop.

Identify the independent variable, the dependent variable, and possible constants.

In this car brake experiment, the independent variable is the type of brakes, the dependent variable is the stopping distance of each car, and possible constants are the speed of the cars, the braking moment, and the car model and conditions.

In the given experiment about testing different car brakes, the independent variable is the type of brakes (standard brakes vs. updated brakes). This is what the engineer is changing purposefully across the trials. The dependent variable is the distance it takes for each car to stop after the brakes are applied, because this will change in response to the type of brakes used. Possible constants in the experiment are the speed each car was traveling at before the brakes were applied (60 mph), the moment when each car begins braking (at a certain landmark), and potentially even the car model and the weather or road conditions, given that all three cars are from the same manufacturer and presumably the experiment was conducted under the same environmental conditions.

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