Answer :
Final answer:
Talcott Parsons suggests that a long-term effect of passive victimization is a hatred for self, stemming from internalized feelings of inadequacy and shame. Victims often struggle with a negative self-image as they process their experiences. Other possible outcomes like a strong belief in the law or stronger morals are less directly linked to this form of victimization.
Explanation:
Long-term Effects of Passive Victimization
According to Talcott Parsons, a notable sociologist, passive victimization can lead to various long-term psychological effects. Among the options provided, hatred for self is a significant consequence. This self-directed hostility often arises due to feelings of inadequacy, guilt, or shame experienced by the victim after enduring distressing situations without active confrontation.
Passive victimization refers to a scenario where individuals suffer from victimization without actively fighting back or seeking help. As a result, they may internalize their experiences and develop a negative self-image. For example, someone who has experienced bullying may begin to feel unworthy or blame themselves for their circumstances, worsening their mental health over time.
In contrast, the other options like strong belief in the law, stronger morals and ethics, and hatred for anyone associated with his or her past, may occur but are less commonly identified as direct outcomes of passive victimization.
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