A victim of an automobile crash is brought to the hospital. The nurse notes that the client is in need of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). What factors should the nurse remember before performing CPR?

1) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an emergency treatment that is provided without a client's consent.

2) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is not performed on adult clients who have already consented to a do not resuscitate order either verbally or in writing.

3) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is not to be performed by a primary healthcare provider in violation of a do not resuscitate order under any circumstances.

4) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is performed on appropriate clients unless a do not resuscitate order has been signed and made part of the client's record.

5) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is generally performed on any client who requires resuscitation in an emergency, but the client's consent is required.

A nurse should be aware that CPR is provided without consent, except for clients with a DNR order. CPR should be performed unless a DNR is on file and proper training is essential for performing CPR safely and effectively.

Explanation:

Before performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), a nurse should remember several important factors:

CPR is an emergency treatment provided without a client's consent, as it is assumed that an unresponsive or non-breathing patient would want to be resuscitated.
If an adult client has consented to a do not resuscitate (DNR) order verbally or in writing, CPR should not be performed.
A primary healthcare provider must not violate a DNR order by performing CPR under any circumstances.
CPR should be performed on appropriate clients unless a DNR order has been signed and included in the client's medical record.
While CPR is generally performed in emergencies, a client's consent for CPR is not required as immediate action is necessary for survival.

Proper training in CPR is crucial to minimizing potential injuries such as broken ribs or damage to the liver if incorrect hand placement occurs. Through routine certification, healthcare professionals are equipped to perform CPR effectively and safely, consistent with current standards which emphasize chest compressions of at least 5 cm deep at a rate of 100 compressions per minute. These compressions are crucial for maintaining blood flow, especially to the brain, where irreversible damage occurs quickly in the absence of circulation.

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