Answer :
Certainly! Let's break down the genetics problem to determine the ratio of red-to-white flowering plants in the F2 generation based on the traits for flower color.
1. Understanding the Alleles:
- The allele [tex]\( R \)[/tex] is for red flowers, and it can be either homozygous dominant (RR) or heterozygous (Rr) to produce red flowers.
- The allele [tex]\( r \)[/tex] is recessive and results in white flowers when in the homozygous state (rr).
2. Setting Up the Cross:
- The horticulturalist is crossing two plants from the F1 generation. Each F1 plant is assumed to have the genotype Rr due to prior crosses resulting in all red flowers.
3. Using the Punnett Square:
- We draw a Punnett square to find out the possible offspring genotypes:
```
P1(Possible) | R | r
-------------------------
R | RR | Rr
-------------------------
r | Rr | rr
```
4. Analyzing Genotypes Produced:
- The Punnett square shows these possible genotypes for the offspring:
- [tex]\( RR \)[/tex]: 1 occurrence
- [tex]\( Rr \)[/tex]: 2 occurrences
- [tex]\( rr \)[/tex]: 1 occurrence
5. Phenotypic Result:
- Both [tex]\( RR \)[/tex] and [tex]\( Rr \)[/tex] will result in red flowers because at least one dominant allele [tex]\( R \)[/tex] is present.
- Only [tex]\( rr \)[/tex] will produce white flowers.
6. Counting the Phenotypes:
- Red-flowering plants (both [tex]\( RR \)[/tex] and [tex]\( Rr \)[/tex]): Total of 3 occurrences.
- White-flowering plants ([tex]\( rr \)[/tex]): Total of 1 occurrence.
7. Calculating the Ratio:
- The red-to-white flowering plants ratio is: [tex]\( 3:1 \)[/tex].
So, the expected phenotypic ratio of red-to-white flowering plants in the F2 generation is [tex]\( 3:1 \)[/tex].
1. Understanding the Alleles:
- The allele [tex]\( R \)[/tex] is for red flowers, and it can be either homozygous dominant (RR) or heterozygous (Rr) to produce red flowers.
- The allele [tex]\( r \)[/tex] is recessive and results in white flowers when in the homozygous state (rr).
2. Setting Up the Cross:
- The horticulturalist is crossing two plants from the F1 generation. Each F1 plant is assumed to have the genotype Rr due to prior crosses resulting in all red flowers.
3. Using the Punnett Square:
- We draw a Punnett square to find out the possible offspring genotypes:
```
P1(Possible) | R | r
-------------------------
R | RR | Rr
-------------------------
r | Rr | rr
```
4. Analyzing Genotypes Produced:
- The Punnett square shows these possible genotypes for the offspring:
- [tex]\( RR \)[/tex]: 1 occurrence
- [tex]\( Rr \)[/tex]: 2 occurrences
- [tex]\( rr \)[/tex]: 1 occurrence
5. Phenotypic Result:
- Both [tex]\( RR \)[/tex] and [tex]\( Rr \)[/tex] will result in red flowers because at least one dominant allele [tex]\( R \)[/tex] is present.
- Only [tex]\( rr \)[/tex] will produce white flowers.
6. Counting the Phenotypes:
- Red-flowering plants (both [tex]\( RR \)[/tex] and [tex]\( Rr \)[/tex]): Total of 3 occurrences.
- White-flowering plants ([tex]\( rr \)[/tex]): Total of 1 occurrence.
7. Calculating the Ratio:
- The red-to-white flowering plants ratio is: [tex]\( 3:1 \)[/tex].
So, the expected phenotypic ratio of red-to-white flowering plants in the F2 generation is [tex]\( 3:1 \)[/tex].