Answer :
4.4.1 Name ONE method that could be used by stock owners to detect the presence of diseases in semen.
One method that stock owners can use to detect the presence of diseases in semen is polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR is a molecular technique used to amplify and detect the genetic material of pathogens. It is highly sensitive and can identify the presence of diseases even when they are in very low quantities.
4.4.2 State TWO requirements of successful artificial insemination.
High-Quality Semen: The semen used must be of high quality, free from diseases, and have good motility and viability.
Proper Timing of Insemination: Insemination must be timed correctly, typically during the female's estrus or heat period, to increase the chances of successful fertilization.
4.4.3 Equipment used during artificial insemination is described below. Give the name of EACH item of equipment.
(a) Electroejaculator: A rectal probe with a number of linear-banded electrodes that are connected to a variable current and voltage source is known as an electroejaculator. It is used to stimulate ejaculation in animals to collect semen.
(b) Cryogenic Storage Tank: A storage container for semen at -196 °C for several years is known as a cryogenic storage tank or a liquid nitrogen tank. It is used to store semen in a frozen state.
(c) Artificial Insemination Straw: Polyvinyl equipment that contains and stores semen is known as an artificial insemination straw. These straws are used to store and transport semen for insemination purposes.
