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13. What would happen if meiosis did not reduce the chromosome number in gametes?

A. Offspring would have twice the normal number of chromosomes.
B. Cells would stop dividing completely.
C. The offspring would always be genetically identical to the parents.
D. The body would not produce any new cells.

14. A purebred tall (TT) plant is crossed with a purebred short (tt) plant. What will be the phenotype of all the offspring if tall (T) is dominant?

A. All short
B. All tall
C. Half tall, half short
D. Some medium height

15. In Mendelian genetics, which pair of alleles represents a heterozygous genotype?

A. TT
B. Tt
C. tt
D. TTT

16. A brown-eyed (BB) father and a blue-eyed (bb) mother have a child. What is the probability that their child will have brown eyes if brown is dominant?

A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 100%

17. A student breeds two heterozygous tall (Tt) pea plants. What is the expected ratio of tall to short plants in the offspring?

A. 1 tall: 3 short
B. 3 tall: 1 short
C. 2 tall: 2 short
D. 4 tall: 0 short

18. If a red flower (RR) is crossed with a white flower (rr) and all offspring have pink flowers (Rr), what type of inheritance is shown?

A. Complete dominance
B. Incomplete dominance
C. Codominance
D. Multiple alleles

19. A farmer wants to breed cows for white fur. If he crosses two heterozygous black cows (Bb), what percentage of their offspring is expected to have white fur (bb)?

A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 75%

20. What is the best definition of a species?

A. A group of organisms that look exactly the same.
B. A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
C. Any group of living things found in the same habitat.
D. Organisms that share a common ancestor.

21. Which of the following is an example of two organisms belonging to the same species?

A. A horse and a donkey that can mate but produce sterile offspring.
B. A lion and a tiger that live in the same environment.
C. Two dogs of different breeds that can produce fertile puppies.
D. A cat and a dog that have similar physical features.

22. Why are a zebra and a horse considered different species?

A. They have different fur colors.
B. They cannot mate under any circumstances.
C. Their offspring, if produced, are sterile and cannot reproduce.
D. They live in different habitats.

23. A scientist discovers two groups of birds that look similar but live on separate islands. How can the scientist determine if they belong to the same species?

A. Observe if they have the same diet.
B. Check if they can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
C. Compare their flying speed.
D. See if they make the same sounds.

24. What is the correct order of the hierarchical taxonomic system from the most general to the most specific?

A. Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species
B. Species → Genus → Family → Order → Class → Phylum → Kingdom
C. Kingdom → Class → Phylum → Family → Order → Genus → Species
D. Phylum → Kingdom → Class → Family → Order → Genus → Species

25. A tiger (Panthera tigris) and a lion (Panthera leo) belong to the same:

A. Species
B. Genus
C. Family
D. Order

26. A student finds a small organism and wants to classify it. Which of the following characteristics is the LEAST useful in determining its taxonomic classification?

A. Body structure
B. DNA analysis
C. Habitat location
D. Mode of reproduction

27. Why is high biodiversity important for the stability of an ecosystem?

A. It increases competition, making species stronger.
B. It provides more food and shelter, allowing ecosystems to recover from disturbances.
C. It ensures that only the strongest species survive.
D. It reduces the number of species, making the ecosystem easier to manage.

Answer :

Final answer:

Meiosis is essential for reducing chromosome numbers in offspring to prevent doubling in successive generations. In Mendelian genetics, traits like height in pea plants demonstrate dominance, while classification of species relies on the ability to interbreed. Understanding these principles is key for studying biology and ecology.


Explanation:

Understanding Genetic Principles and Species Classification

Meiosis is a crucial process that reduces the chromosome number in gametes to maintain the species' chromosome integrity. If meiosis did not reduce the chromosome number, then each generation of offspring would inherit the normal chromosome count from both parents, effectively doubling it in every generation. This would result in a scenario where the offspring would possess twice the number of chromosomes than intended, leading to severe genetic imbalances and potential inability to survive.

For example, in animals like humans that have 46 chromosomes, if meiosis didn’t properly halve this number, the offspring could have 92 chromosomes, which is not viable for normal development.

Next, let’s delve into Mendelian genetics through the example of pea plants. When a purebred tall plant (TT) is crossed with a purebred short plant (tt), all offspring will be tall (Tt), demonstrating the dominance of the tall trait over the short one. This follows the fundamental principle where dominant traits mask recessive ones.

Furthermore, when considering probabilities in inheritance, if a brown-eyed (BB) father and a blue-eyed (bb) mother have a child, there is a 50% chance of the child being brown-eyed, since each child would inherit one allele from each parent, resulting in either BB or Bb combinations.

Species classification is also integral to understanding biodiversity. Two organisms are classified in the same species if they can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. For instance, the tiger and lion belong to the same genus (Panthera) but are different species, emphasizing how slight variations can affect classification.

In conclusion, the understanding of how traits are inherited and how to classify organisms underlines the important concepts in genetics and biodiversity.


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