Answer :
The climatic factor NOT affecting crop production among the options is C. Soil texture. Climate factors typically include elements like temperature, rainfall, light, and wind, while soil texture is considered an edaphic factor related to the physical condition of the soil.
The ideal temperature range for most crops to grow optimally is B. 10-25°C. Most crops thrive in moderate temperatures where cellular processes function efficiently.
Light is crucial for crop production because C. It drives photosynthesis. Plants require light to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, a process essential for growth and energy.
Wind can be managed using C. Windbreaks. These structures or rows of trees/shrubs reduce wind speed, thus minimizing potential damage to crops.
A. Low humidity can lead to high water loss through transpiration, reducing crop yield as plants lose water faster than they can absorb it.
Edaphic factors are best described as C. Factors related to soil. These include soil texture, structure, pH, and organic matter content.
D. Clay soil retains the most water due to its fine particles and ability to hold onto moisture, although it may also lead to poor drainage.
Soil pH is important because C. It affects nutrient availability. Different nutrients are more or less available to plants depending on the pH of the soil.
To correct poor crop performance in highly acidic soil, a farmer can apply lime (calcium carbonate) to increase the soil's pH.
Poor soil aeration typically results in C. Root rot and reduced growth as roots require oxygen for respiration and nutrient uptake.
Biological factors include B. Pests, diseases, and weeds. These living organisms can impact crop growth negatively by competing for resources or directly damaging the plants.
C. Weeds compete with crops for nutrients as they absorb similar nutrients from the soil that crops need.
Beneficial microorganisms help in crop production by B. Fixing nitrogen. Certain bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into forms that plants can absorb and use.
Using ladybugs to control aphids is an example of B. Biological control. This involves utilizing natural predators to manage pest populations.
Using only pesticides on a farm with high pest pressure poses the risk of C. Pesticide resistance development. This occurs as pests can evolve to become resistant to chemicals, reducing their effectiveness.
Topography refers to B. Shape and features of the land. It includes aspects such as slope, elevation, and landscape layout, which can affect water drainage and erosion.
The most suitable land slope for farming is B. Gentle slope. This provides good drainage while minimising erosion and runoff, making it ideal for cultivating crops.
