Answer :
a. The initial investment associated with the replacement of the existing grinder by the new one needs to be calculated.
b. The incremental operating cash inflows associated with the proposed grinder replacement must be determined.
c. The terminal cash flow expected at the end of year 5 from the proposed grinder replacement should be calculated.
d. A timeline depicting the relevant cash flows associated with the proposed grinder replacement decision needs to be created.
e. The Payback Period, Net Present Value (NPV), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) should be calculated with a cost of capital of 15%.
f. The conclusion of the proposed replacement decision, either "go" or "no-go," needs to be determined if the management wants to pay back in 4.5 years.
a. To calculate the initial investment, we need to consider the cost of the new grinder ($125,000), installation costs ($5,000), and the net cash inflow from selling the existing grinder ($90,000 - removal or cleanup costs). The initial investment is the sum of these amounts.
b. The incremental operating cash inflows are the changes in accounts receivable, inventories, and accounts payable over the 5-year period. We add the changes in accounts receivable and inventories, and subtract the change in accounts payable to calculate the incremental operating cash inflows.
c. The terminal cash flow expected at the end of year 5 is the market value of the existing grinder ($10,000) plus the net cash inflow from selling the new grinder ($35,000 - removal and cleanup costs) after taxes.
d. The timeline should show the initial investment as a cash outflow, the incremental operating cash inflows over the 5 years, and the terminal cash flow at the end of year 5.
e. The Payback Period is the time it takes for the initial investment to be recovered. NPV is calculated by discounting the cash inflows and outflows at the cost of capital and summing them. IRR is the discount rate that makes the NPV equal to zero. These calculations can be done using the given cash flows and the cost of capital of 15%.
f. To determine the conclusion of the proposed replacement decision, we compare the Payback Period to the desired payback period of 4.5 years. If the Payback Period is less than or equal to 4.5 years, the decision is to proceed with the replacement; otherwise, it is a no-go.
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