Answer :
In the absence of insulin, GLUT4 remains sequestered in intracellular vesicles, and the amount of this transporter on the cell surface is minimal, resulting in reduced glucose uptake by the cell.
Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are integral membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of glucose across the plasma membrane of cells. GLUT4 is a glucose transporter that is mainly expressed in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle and is responsible for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake.
In the absence of insulin, GLUT4 remains sequestered within intracellular vesicles, and only a small amount of this transporter is present on the cell surface. This is because insulin signaling triggers a series of events that promote the translocation of GLUT4 from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane, thereby increasing the amount of GLUT4 available for glucose uptake.
Insulin signaling begins with the binding of insulin to its receptor on the cell surface, which activates a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways involving protein kinases and other molecules.
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