Answer :
Final answer:
Urban policy and regeneration were required in the UK due to rapid population increase during the Industrial Era, leading to gentrification, socio-economic inequalities, and infrastructural challenges. The need to balance the interests of different social classes and manage the challenges of increasing urbanization led to reform movements and regulation policies.
Explanation:
Urban policy and regeneration were needed in the UK for several reasons, primarily due to the rapid increase in population that accompanied the Industrial Era. The development of factories and new technologies brought people from rural areas to the city, resulting in a dramatic population increase - for instance, London's population rose from 550,000 to staggering 7 million from the mid-1670s to the early 1900s. The progress also led to gentrification, a process where the historically less affluent city areas were renovated by the middle and upper classes, often forcing the poor urban underclass to relocate due to increased prices, causing the decaying quality of those parts of city they moved into.
However, industrialization and urbanization also brought hardships, prompting reform movements and legal efforts to address issues resulting from urbanization. Activist groups sought to change policies detrimental to city dwellers. Simultaneously, authorities strove to regulate and control urban growth, trying to achieve a balance between different social classes.
Regulating infrastructures such as transportation, adequate housing, sanitation, and access to fresh water presented additional challenges. Overall, the key to successful urbanization lay in managing these rapidly growing urban areas when inequalities and societal challenges were at their peak.
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