Answer :
Final answer:
E. Kretschmer was the one who classified personality on the basis of physique. Prior to this, personalities were studied and classified based on 'Four Temperaments'.
Explanation:
The individual who classified personality on the basis of physique was E. Kretschmer. In the 20th century, psychiatrist Ernst Kretschmer proposed theories linking body type to personality and mental illness. Kretschmer proposed three body types: asthenic (thin and weak), athletic (muscular and strong), and pyknic (fat and soft) and associated specific personality traits with each.
Prior to this, personalities were studied based on the 'Four Temperaments' proposed by Hippocrates which were then further developed by other researchers, such as Immanuel Kant and Wilhelm Wundt. Even Galen influenced theories about personality and disease by talking about humoral imbalances.
However, it was Kretschmer who specifically classified personality on the basis of physique, the concept of which has been used and expanded by other psychologists and researchers in the field of personality studies.
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