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------------------------------------------------ Which texture is defined as a single melody, without the presence of harmony, regardless of the number or type of performers?

The texture defined in the question is called monophony, which features a single melody without harmony. This texture can be performed by a soloist or a group singing together. Examples include Gregorian chant and traditional folk songs.

Explanation:

Understanding Monophonic Texture

The texture referred to in the question is known as monophony. This type of musical texture comprises a single melody line, without the presence of harmony. In monophonic music, whether it's performed by a solo artist or a group singing in unison, the focus is solely on the melody without any accompanying instruments or chords.

Examples of monophonic music include:

Gregorian chant, which features a single melodic line sung in harmony.
Traditional folk songs, where a group may sing the same melody together without accompaniment.
Simple songs like "Happy Birthday," where everyone sings the same melody.

In contrast, other musical textures like homophony, where a melody is supported by accompanying chords, or polyphony, where multiple independent melodies occur, represent different ways that music can be structured, but these do not fit the definition provided in the question.

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