Answer :
Final answer:
Dicer is the endonuclease that cleaves double-stranded RNA into short fragments which can then be loaded onto RISC, contributing to gene regulation in cells.
Explanation:
The protein that cleaves double stranded RNAs into 21-23 bp fragments that can then be loaded onto the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) is Dicer. This process is an essential part of the RNA interference pathway in cells. Dicer is an endonuclease that cleaves the double-stranded RNAs into short fragments, typically 21-23 base pairs long. Subsequent to the action of Dicer, one strand of the fragment is transferred to RISC. The RISC complex then uses this template strand to recognize complementary mRNA molecules in the cell and either degrade them or prevent them from being translated, contributing to post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.
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