Answer :
The term for a gang member informing on gang operations to authorities is officially known as 'Cooperating with authorities,' and relates to concepts in the Prisoner's Dilemma where individual incentives may lead to betrayal for self-benefit. The correct option is (d). Cooperating with authorities.
The term that refers to a gang member informing correctional officials about gang operations and membership is broadly known as snitching. However, the more formal and legalistic term for this action is d. Cooperating with authorities. This occurs when a gang member decides to break their code of silence and provide information that can lead to the conviction of other gang members. This scenario is reminiscent of the Prisoner's Dilemma, a common example in game theory, where two co-conspirators are faced with a choice: to remain silent or to betray the other.
In such situations, despite their possible loyalty to the gang, they are individually incentivized to confess and provide information about the other (i.e., defect) to receive a reduced sentence. This incentivizes betraying their accomplice for their personal benefit. A person who exposes such information to authorities may be labeled with various informal terms like ratting or being a snitch, but legally this action is categorized as providing state's evidence or turning state's evidence. These terms highlight the prisoner's cooperation with the prosecution in exchange for leniency or other concessions. The correct option is (d). Cooperating with authorities.
