Answer :
Final answer:
Europe before 1914 was marked by intense rivalry and a complex system of alliances that divided the continent into two opposing power blocs. These alliances, combined with imperialistic ambitions and military buildups, created a tense, volatile atmosphere despite surface stability.
Explanation:
The geopolitical situation in Europe before 1914 is best described by option (b): Europe was marked by intense rivalry and a complex system of alliances. By the early 20th century, a series of alliances had divided Europe into two opposing power blocs: the Allies (Russia, France, and Britain) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy).
However, these alliances were intricate and nuanced, based largely on mutual defense treaties. This created a balance of power, designed to prevent any one nation from becoming too strong.
Further tension arose largely from imperialistic rivalry and territorial ambitions, particularly Germany's desire to expand its colonial holdings. Such competition led to military buildups and a growing threat of conflict. This period, while outwardly appearing stable, was in fact characterized by the specter of the coming Great War (World War I) looming over Europe.
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