Answer :
When a capillary tube is inverted into water, the concave meniscus forms due to the balance between cohesive forces among water molecules and adhesive forces between water and the tube's walls.
When you invert a capillary tube into water, the water rises inside due to capillary action, a result of cohesive and adhesive forces. Cohesion refers to water molecules sticking to each other, while adhesion is the attraction between water molecules and the tube's surface. This causes water to climb up the tube against gravity. The shape of the meniscus, the curved surface of the water, is determined by the balance of these forces.
In a capillary tube, the meniscus takes on a concave shape. The cohesive forces among water molecules cause them to pull together, creating a curve. Meanwhile, adhesive forces between water and the tube's walls pull the water upward, forming the concave meniscus. The curvature is more pronounced in narrower tubes due to increased surface area for adhesion. This phenomenon is crucial in many natural processes, like the movement of water in plants and the functioning of small blood vessels in organisms.
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