Answer :
Final answer:
The wine bottle breaks when a cork is pounded in with no air gap due to the incompressible nature of the liquid transmitting the force directly. If there's an air gap, it absorbs the impact, lessening the chances of breakage. The extra force can also be calculated when understanding the differences in pressure and area impacted.
Explanation:
The question revolves around the concept that when pounding a cork into a wine bottle filled with liquid, you could potentially break the bottle, while you unlikely would if there's air in the bottle. The reason why the bottle breaks is due to the incompressibility of the liquid. When the cork is pushed directly against the liquid, the force of the impact is transmitted through the liquid to the glass without absorption, potentially causing the bottle to shatter. On the other hand, if there is air between the cork and the liquid, the air acts as a cushion, absorbing the force of the impact, which decreases the chance of the bottle breaking.
Furthermore, the additional force exerted by the host pounding the cork can be calculated using physics principles. The difference in pressure caused by the force exerted on the small area of the cork compared to the larger area of the bottom of the bottle results in a large increase in force exerted on the bottom, explaining why the jug breaks away at the bottom.
