Answer :
Final answer:
Buck-boost transformers reduce input voltage such that the primary voltage is higher than the secondary voltage. Their operation is based on Faraday's law of induction, and the ratio of primary to secondary voltage is determined by the transformer equation.
Explanation:
When buck-boost transformers are used to buck, or decrease, the input voltage, the primary voltage is higher than the secondary voltage. Buck-boost transformers operate under Faraday's law of induction, which states that a change in the magnetic environment of a coil of wire will induce a voltage in the wire. Consequently, AC voltage is required for operation, which involves a time-varying magnetic flux, enabling the primary and secondary coils to produce their respective voltages.
The relationship between the primary and secondary voltages in a transformer is given by the transformer equation which states that the ratio of the secondary voltage to the primary voltage is equal to the ratio of the number of loops in the secondary coil to the number of loops in the primary coil. Thus if the transformer is 'bucking' or reducing the voltage, then it will have less loops in its secondary coil compared to the primary coil.
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