Answer :
Final answer:
Cervical vertebrae, such as C4 or C5, have several unique features, including a small body, a bifid spinous process, and U-shaped transverse processes with a transverse foramen. Their transverse processes are sharply curved to accommodate the passage of the cervical spinal nerves. The C1 vertebra (Atlas) and C2 vertebra (Axis) have unique structures
Explanation:
The cervical vertebrae, which are part of our vertebral column, have several unique features. Typically, cervical vertebrae like C4 or C5 have a small body due to the lower body weight they carry compared to the thoracic or lumbar vertebrae. These vertebrae usually boast a bifid, or Y-shaped, spinous process.
The transverse processes are sharply curved (U-shaped) to accommodate the passage of the cervical spinal nerves, and each of these structures has an opening called the transverse foramen. Significant for our body's functioning, an important artery that supplies blood to the brain travels up the neck through these openings.
Focusing on the different vertebrae, C3-C6 vertebrae have short spinous processes, whereas C7’s is substantially longer, a fact that can be physically noticed by the prominent C7 spine located at the neck's base. The atlas (C1 vertebra) and axis (C2 vertebra) have unique characteristics: the atlas comprises an anterior and posterior arch forming a bony ring (as it lacks a vertebral body), and the axis possesses an upward-projecting dens.
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